Vitex agnus-castus, commonly known as chaste tree, chasteberry, or monk’s pepper, is a deciduous shrub or small tree in the mint family (Lamiaceae), native to the Mediterranean region and western Asia. Revered since ancient times for its medicinal and symbolic associations, this elegant plant is prized both for its beauty and its therapeutic uses. It typically grows 3 to 6 meters (10 to 20 feet) tall, with multiple slender, grayish stems and aromatic, palmately compound leaves composed of five to seven lanceolate leaflets. From late spring through summer, Vitex agnus-castus produces long, showy spikes of lavender to violet-blue flowers that are highly attractive to bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, giving the plant significant ecological value in garden and natural settings. These blossoms are followed by small, round, pepper-like fruits that give rise to its common name “monk’s pepper.” Historically, the seeds were believed to promote chastity and were used by monks to suppress desire, hence the species epithet agnus-castus, meaning “chaste lamb.” The plant thrives in full sun and well-drained soils, showing excellent drought tolerance once established, which makes it ideal for xeriscaping and Mediterranean-style gardens. Its graceful form, fragrant foliage, and prolonged flowering season have made it a popular ornamental shrub in warm climates around the world.