Rhododendron maximum, commonly known as Great Laurel or Rosebay Rhododendron, is a striking broadleaf evergreen shrub native to the Eastern United States. It typically grows to heights of 6 to 12 feet (1.8 to 3.7 meters), though in optimal conditions, it can reach up to 20 feet (6 meters) in height. This species is characterized by its dense, upright growth habit, with branches forming a rounded crown.
The foliage of Rhododendron maximum consists of thick, leathery leaves that are elliptical to oblong in shape, measuring around 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 centimeters) in length. The leaves are glossy dark green on the upper surface and paler green underneath. They are arranged alternately along the stems.
In late spring to early summer, Rhododendron maximum produces large, showy clusters of flowers at the tips of its branches. The flowers are trumpet-shaped and vary in color from pale pink to white. Each flower cluster, known as an inflorescence, can contain numerous individual blossoms.
After flowering, Rhododendron maximum may develop small, rounded seed capsules that persist through the winter months. However, this species primarily reproduces vegetatively through the growth of new shoots from its extensive root system.
Great Laurel is well-suited to moist, acidic soils and thrives in partially shaded to fully shaded locations, such as woodland edges, stream banks, and mountain slopes. It is often found in association with other shade-tolerant species in its native habitat. Hardy in zones 3-7.