Pinus longaeva, commonly known as the Great Basin bristlecone pine, is a species of pine tree native to the high mountains of the western United States, particularly in the Great Basin region. Here are some key characteristics of Pinus longaeva:
Longevity: Pinus longaeva is one of the longest-lived organisms on Earth, with individual trees known to live for thousands of years. Some specimens have been dated to be over 5,000 years old, making them among the oldest known living organisms.
Appearance: The Great Basin bristlecone pine is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree that typically grows to heights of 5 to 15 meters (16 to 49 feet). It has a twisted and gnarled trunk with reddish-brown bark that becomes deeply furrowed with age. The branches are often contorted, and the needles are short, stiff, and arranged in clusters of five.
Habitat: Pinus longaeva is adapted to harsh, high-altitude environments with cold temperatures, strong winds, and poor, rocky soils. It is commonly found in subalpine and alpine forests, often growing at elevations of 2,000 to 3,000 meters (6,500 to 9,800 feet) above sea level.
Growth rate: The growth rate of Pinus longaeva is extremely slow, with some individuals adding only a few millimeters of growth per year. This slow growth rate contributes to its longevity and resilience in harsh mountain environments.
Cultural significance: Great Basin bristlecone pines have significant cultural and scientific value. They are revered for their incredible longevity and have been the subject of scientific study for decades. Some of the oldest known living trees, such as the famous "Methuselah Tree" in California's White Mountains, are individuals of this species. Hardy in zones 4-7.