Rhamnus caroliniana, commonly known as Carolina buckthorn, is a small deciduous tree or large shrub native to the southeastern and south-central United States, thriving in woodlands, streambanks, and limestone slopes. Belonging to the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae), this species typically grows between 10 and 20 feet tall, sometimes reaching 25 feet in ideal conditions, with a rounded, spreading crown and multiple stems. Unlike many other buckthorns, Carolina buckthorn is not armed with thorns, despite its name, and is known for its attractive foliage and wildlife value. The leaves are simple, alternate, and oval-shaped with finely serrated margins and a glossy green surface that turns yellow in autumn, adding seasonal interest. In late spring to early summer, clusters of small, greenish-white flowers bloom in the leaf axils, offering subtle beauty and serving as a nectar source for pollinators. These are followed by small, round drupes that ripen from red to black, providing food for a variety of birds and small mammals. The bark is smooth and gray-brown, becoming slightly fissured with age. Rhamnus caroliniana is adaptable to a wide range of soil types, from moist to dry, and performs well in both full sun and partial shade. It is valued in natural landscaping and restoration projects for its drought tolerance, ease of cultivation, and ecological benefits. Additionally, it plays an important role in supporting native wildlife while maintaining aesthetic appeal, making it a popular choice for native plant gardens and habitat enhancement efforts across its range.