Pinus mugo, commonly known as the mountain pine or mugo pine, is a hardy, slow-growing evergreen conifer native to the mountains of Central and Southern Europe. It typically forms a dense, shrubby mound or a small tree with dark green needles that grow in pairs and retain their color year-round. The plant produces small, oval cones that mature to a brownish hue and add ornamental interest. Highly adaptable, Pinus mugo thrives in well-drained soils and can tolerate harsh winds, cold temperatures, and poor soil conditions, making it an excellent choice for rock gardens, alpine landscapes, and erosion control on slopes. Its compact form and resilience also make it popular in bonsai and urban plantings.