Erythrina crista-galli, commonly known as the cockspur coral tree, is a species of flowering tree in the family Fabaceae. Here are some key features and information about it:
Description
Size and Form: This tree typically grows to a height of 5-10 meters (16-33 feet), but under ideal conditions, it can reach up to 20 meters (66 feet). It has a spreading, irregular crown with thick, thorny branches.
Leaves: The leaves are compound, usually consisting of three leaflets. Each leaflet is ovate to lanceolate in shape, with a smooth or slightly wavy edge.
Flowers: Erythrina crista-galli is renowned for its striking and vibrant red flowers, which are arranged in dense, terminal racemes. The flowers are shaped like a bird's beak and are typically 4-5 cm long. Blooming usually occurs in spring and summer.
Fruit: The fruit is a pod, which can be up to 20 cm (8 inches) long. The pods contain several seeds that are dark brown to black in color.
Habitat and Distribution
Native Range: Erythrina crista-galli is native to South America, particularly in Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Habitat: It is commonly found in moist, low-lying areas such as riverbanks, wetlands, and marshes.
Cultivation
Climate: It thrives in subtropical and tropical climates but can also tolerate mild temperate zones. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil.
Watering: The tree requires moderate watering, especially during dry periods. However, it is relatively drought-tolerant once established.
Propagation: Propagation is typically done through seeds or cuttings. Seeds should be soaked in water before planting to improve germination rates.
Uses and Cultural Significance
Ornamental: Due to its striking flowers, Erythrina crista-galli is widely cultivated as an ornamental tree in gardens and parks.
Cultural Symbol: In Argentina and Uruguay, it is the national flower, symbolizing the beauty of their natural landscapes.